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INTRODUCTION The Indian dairy industry is contributing significantly to the country's economy, besides improving the health standard by increasing the nutrition value of the food. The value of output from Dairy Sector increased to Rs.5,00,510 million in 1994-95 from Rs.2,75,080 million in 1990 and is expected to reach the level of Rs. 8,50,000 million by the year 2000 A.D.India occupies first position in the world having a total bovine population of 288 million compared to the world's total bovine population of 1420 million. As per 1992 livestock census, the country has about 62.90 million breedable cows and 42.46 million breedable buffaloes (State wise and species/breed wise figures are given in Annexure I). The cross bred cattle are predominant in Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu , Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, While buffaloes are very common in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Bihar, Karnataka , Haryana and Tamil Nadu

INTRODUCTION Jasmine is one of the oldest fragrant flowers cultivated by man. The flower is used for various purposes viz., making garlands, bouquet, decorating hair of women, religious offering etc. It is also used for production of Jasmine concrete which is used in cosmetic and perfumery industries. More than 80 jasmine species are found in India, of which only three species are used for commercial cultivation. They are Jasminum sambac (Gundumalli / Madurai Malli), J. auriculatum (Mullai) and J. grandiflorum (Jathimalli / Pitchi). The first two species are mainly cultivated for selling as fresh flowers whereas the last one is cultivated for concrete extraction.

INTRODUCTION Guava (Psidium guajava) is one of the most common fruits in India. It is quite hardy and prolific bearer. Guava is a commercially significant, highly remunerative crop even without much care. It is a rich source of vitamin C and pectin. It is also a good source of calcium and phosphorus.Certain important strategies have been identified for enhancing horticulture development in India in order to be competitive in the world market. They involve adoption of modern, innovative and hi-tech methods. One such strategy is the high density plantation (HDP). This includes adoption of appropriate plant density, canopy management, quality planting material, support and management system with appropriate inputs. HDP generally refers to planting at a closer spacing than the normal recommended spacing. It has been attempted in different crops such as guava, apple, banana, mango, pineapple, peach, etc. Many guava farmers have been adopting this technology successfully in different parts of the country. HDP technology results in maximization of unit area yield and availability of the fruits in the market early which fetch better price.

INTRODUCTION In the post green revolution era, there is a significant growth in the production and productivity in the Indian agriculture. The country has become self sufficient in food grains and achieved a remarkable growth in the production of pulses, oil seeds and fibers to meet the requirements of the country. Although our farming community toiled hard, they could not get real benefit of the growth in the economy in the absence of a suitable mechanism to ensure a reasonable rate of return to their hard labour and investments. Only a handful of influential farmers who have the infrastructure to overcome the market fluctuations, could derive the benefits.

1. Importance of feed in livestock sector The success of livestock farming is largely dependent on the continuous supply of good quality nutritious feeds at competitive price. Feed alone constitute about 60-70 per cent of total cost of production of livestock products. Therefore, it needs more attention though other factors are also important for remunerative return from livestock enterprises. The farmers used to feed the crop residues to the cattle and buffaloes, however, sheep and goat are normally maintained on grazing/browsing with supplementary feeding of broken grains/other byproducts. Therefore, feeding of balanced concentrate feed to these animals was not common, because of low productivity and unremunerative prices for the livestock products. The improved poultry is fed only with concentrated feed. The requirement of food of animal origin like milk, meat and eggs is increasing at a faster rate due to increased awareness about the significance of protective proteins for the maintenance of human health. The farmers realized the importance and started rearing good quality and high productive animals/birds under stall fed conditions.

Introduction Goat is a multi functional animal and plays a significant role in the economy and nutrition of landless, small and marginal farmers in the country. Goat rearing is an enterprise which has been practiced by a large section of population in rural areas. Goats can efficiently survive on available shrubs and trees in adverse harsh environment in low fertility lands where no other crop can be grown. In pastoral and agricultural subsistence societies in India, goats are kept as a source of additional income and as an insurance against disaster. Goats are also used in ceremonial feastings and for the payment of social dues. In addition to this, goat has religious and ritualistic importance in many societies. The advantages of goat rearing are :

Why do goat rearing? Indian aquaculture has been evolving from the level of subsistence activity to that of an industry. This transformation has been made possible with the development and standardization of much new production and associated techniques of input and output subsystems. In recent years aquaculture has created great enthusiasm and interest among entrepreneurs especially for shrimp farming in coastal areas. Shrimp farming is capital intensive activity and uncontrolled mushrooming growth of it has led to outbreak of diseases and attributed environmental issues calling for closure of shrimp farms.

Introduction The commonly cultivated six species – Catla (Catla catla) Rohu (Labeo rohita), Marigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) Silver carp (Hypothalmichthys molitrix), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are considered to be the best culturable species of fishes in the inland water system. These fishes originally belong to riverine environment and when cultured in standing water bodies such as ponds and tanks, they attain maturity but normally do not breed under confined conditions. Special attempts are therefore made to breed them by artificially creating riverine conditions and stimulating there endocrine system. The technique of breeding fish by other than its natural course is known as INDUCED BREEDING. Induced breeding techniques have been developed for production of quality fish seed of culturable varieties. It is one of the most dependable methods of producing pure seed of desired species of fish. Further this technique has helped to produce fish seed in those areas where natural collection of fish seed was not possible.

Chapter I Requirements Of A Model Scheme For Formulation By Banks General This document gives broad guidelines for scheme formulation by banks for financing of dug wells in hard rock areas. The aspects that are necessary in scheme formulation are groundwater availability, well design, cost estimates, cropping pattern, pumpset selection and scheme economics.

Chapter I Requirements of Model Schemes for Formulation by Banks General India is the largest producer of fruits and second largest producer of vegetables in the world. In spite of that per capita availability of fruits and vegetables is quite low because of post harvest losses which account for about 25% to 30% of production. Besides, quality of a sizable quantity of produce also deteriorates by the time it reaches the consumer. This is mainly because of perishable nature of the produce which requires a cold chain arrangement to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life if consumption is not meant immediately after harvest. In the absence of a cold storage and related cold chain facilities, the farmers are being forced to sell their produce immediately after harvest which results in glut situations and low price realization. Sometime farmers do not even get their harvesting and transportation costs what to talk of the cost of production or profit. As a result, our production is not getting stabilized and the farmers after burning fingers in one crop switch over to another crop in the subsequent year and the vicious cycle continues. Our farmers continue to remain poor even though they take risk of cultivating high value fruits and vegetable crops year after year. A cold storage facility accessible to them will go a long way in removing the risk of distress sale to ensure better returns. This document endeavors to provide information on various broad technical and financial aspects of a cold storage unit to enable the financing banks and entrepreneurs in formulation and implementation such projects.